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Current Affairs Today – 3rd April 2020
NEWS AT A GLANCE
- After the merger of the Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) and the United Bank of India (UBI) into Punjab National Bank (PNB), the government has designated Chief Executives of OBC and UBI as “officers on special duty” in Punjab National Bank.
- State Bank of India has listed green bonds of $100 million (about Rs 750 crore) on BSE’s India International Exchange (India INX).
- The Reserve Bank of India introduced new measures to relax the impact of the COVID-19 induced lockdown.
- Rating company ICRA stated that Banks and Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) will face a bad pile-up in bad loans post the moratorium period. It will worsen the credit profile of the Banks.
- The Government of India launched “AarogyaSetu”, a mobile app developed in public-private partnership (PPP) on 2 April.
- Government of India (GoI) allowed farmers to directly sell produce from premises of farmers producer organizations (FPO) and selected warehouses through
- The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) laid down Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the transit of COVID-19 negative foreigners stranded in India on 2 April.
- National Cadet Corps (NCC) has offered its volunteer cadets for national duty to fight COVID-19 under ‘Exercise NCC Yogdan’.
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) has partnered with Wipro 3D, Bengaluru.
- Founders of leading startups, investors, advisors, supporters, investment advisory firms have launched Action COVID-19 Team (ACT).
- The Andhra Pradesh government has started distributing pensions at the doorstep to 58,44,240 beneficiaries.
- The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors (ED) has approved $1 billion to India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project.
- National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Limited appointed Dilip Kumar Patel as its Director Human resources on 1 April.
- Domino’s Pizza has partnered with ITC Foods to launch “Domino’s Essentials”.
- The Guinness World Records has been officially confirmed Bob Weighton, from the United Kingdom, as the oldest person living (male) at 112 Years and 1 day as of 30 March 2020.
- China is to host the third edition of the Asian Youth Games (AYG) in Shantou in November 2021.
- Ministry of Defence (MoD) has received foreign direct investment (FDI) of $8.82 million (around Rs.51.93 crore) during the period April 2000 and December 2019.
- The Naval Dockyard at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh has designed ‘Portable Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold (MOM)’.
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) developed a bio-suit for the safety of the paramedical, medical, and other personnel engaged in combating COVID-19 safe from the deadly virus.
- Indian Institute of Science (IISc) scientists have developed a high-quality indigenous ventilator.
- Tony Lewis, one of the men behind the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern (DLS) method passed away.
NEWS IN DETAILS
BANKING AND FINANCE CURRENT AFFAIRS
Chief executives of OBC, UBI designated as OSD in PNB
- After the merger of the Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) and the United Bank of India (UBI) into Punjab National Bank (PNB), the government has designated Chief Executives of OBC and UBI as “officers on special duty” in Punjab National Bank.
- The officers are not assigned any portfolio so far.
- The PNB merger has created the country’s second-largest state-owned bank with Rs 7.7 lakh crore advances.
- Also, OBC chief executive Mukesh Kumar Jain, who is now in PNB will be retiring in July.
Extra Shots:
Punjab National Bank:
- Founded on: 12 April 1894
- Headquarters: New Delhi, India
- Chairman: Sunil Mehta
- MD & CEO: S.S. Mallikarjuna Rao
SBI lists USD 100 million green bonds on India INX
- State Bank of India has listed green bonds of $100 million (about Rs 750 crore) on BSE’s India International Exchange (India INX).
- The bank has listed green bonds under its USD 10 billion global medium-term note programme on India INX’s Global Securities Market Green Platform (GSM).
- SBI has adopted the green bond framework with the objective of creating a positive impact on the environment & this transaction is considered as part of the sustainability journey.
- The funds raised by green bonds are used to finance green projects that do not discharge toxic elements.
Extra Shots:
About Green Bond:
- Green Bond is a type of fixed income instrument that is specifically reserved for raising money to climate & environmental projects so as to encourage sustainability. It is comparatively an attractive investment than a comparable taxable bond, as it provides tax incentives such as tax exemption and tax credits.
SBI: The State Bank of India is an Indian multinational, public sector banking and financial services statutory body. It is a government corporation statutory body.
- Chairperson: Rajnish Kumar
- Headquarters: Mumbai
- Tagline: “Pure banking, nothing else” “With you- all the way” “A bank of the common man” “The banker to every indian”
RBI increased short-term borrowing limit for states, UTs by 30 percent
- The Reserve Bank of India introduced new measures to relax the impact of the COVID-19 induced lockdown.
- The Central bank focused on the finances of the states, that have announced the staggered payment of salaries.
Measures:
- Short-term borrowing limits of States or ways and means advances (WMA) have been increased by 30%. It aims to enable the state governments to tide over the situation arising from the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The states have faced pressure on revenues as the economic activity came to a halt and the transfers from the Central government and less Goods and Services Tax (GST) collection.
- The decision came as the Banks that bear the moratorium would get some reprieve in meeting regulatory norms with respect to the capital needs.
- The revised limits came into force on 1 April 2020. It will be valid until 30 September 2020.
Extra Shots:
RBI: The Reserve Bank of India is India’s central banking institution, which controls the issuance and supply of the Indian rupee.
- Founded: 1 April 1935, Kolkata
- Headquarters: Mumbai
- Governor: Shaktikanta Das
- Deputy Governors: B P Kanungo, M K Jain, N S Vishwanathan, Michael Debaprata Patra
ICRA says Banks, NBFCs to see bad loans pile up post moratorium period
- Rating company ICRA stated that Banks and Non-Banking Finance Companies (NBFCs) will face a bad pile-up in bad loans post the moratorium period. It will worsen the credit profile of the Banks.
ICRA Highlights:
- ICRA stated that lenders with a higher share of asset classes like microfinance, commercial vehicles, and small companies will be more vulnerable as their repayment ability depends on immediate cash flows.
- It stated that the asset quality stress of the banks will reflect with a lag of 1-2 quarters after the removal of the moratorium. The stress will vary across segments.
- ICRA estimated the GDP growth will be slowed down to 2.0% in the current fiscal from an estimated 4.4% in fiscal 2020.
- It is expected that the profitability (RoA) of financial sector entities will be adversely affected by 50-90 basis points (bps) this fiscal.
Extra Shots:
ICRA : The credit rating agency is a joint venture (JV) between Moody’s and various Indian commercial banks and financial services companies. Moody’s Corporation owns a 50.06% majority stake, as of 2014.
- Founded on: 1991
- Headquarters: Gurgaon, India
- Non-Executive Chairman and independent director: Arun Duggal
NATIONAL CURRENT AFFAIRS
Centre develops AarogyaSetu to help people track spread of coronavirus
- The Government of India launched “AarogyaSetu”, a mobile app developed in public-private partnership (PPP) on 2 April.
- The app is a part of the efforts taken by GoI to contain the spread of coronavirus.
AarogyaSetu:
- AarogyaSetu will enable people to assess themselves the risk for their catching the coronavirus infection.
- The app will calculate the risk based on their interaction with others, using cutting edge Bluetooth technology, algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI).
- The app can be installed in a smartphone through an easy and user-friendly process and ensures privacy.
- The app can detect other devices with AarogyaSetu installed that come in the proximity of that phone. It can then calculate the risk of infection based on sophisticated parameters.
- The app will help the government take necessary timely steps to assess the risk of the spread of COVID-19 infection and ensure isolation if needed.
- The personal data that are collected by the app is encrypted using state-of-the-art technology and stays secure on the phone until it is needed for facilitating medical intervention.
- The app is available in 11 languages and has highly scalable architecture.
- The app has a unique example of the nation’s young talent coming together and pooling resources and efforts to respond to a global crisis.
Centre permits farmers to use eNAM to avoid market place
- Government of India (GoI) allowed farmers to directly sell produce from premises of farmers producer organizations (FPO) and selected warehouses through electronic marketing platform Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM).
- The announcement was made by Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar on 2 April.
- The minister launched the logistics module to support the transportation of produce directly from FPO centres and warehouses.
Benefits:
- The aim of the move is to introduce a major agriculture reform that will decongest market place.
- The move by GOI will help farmers to sell produce at remunerative prices near to their farm gate without coming to the market place (mandis).
- The Centre launched the required software facilities to create a direct marketing channel alternative to mandis.
- FPOs and farmers can now use online facilities for transportation that can be tracked.
- It is being planned that eNAM will soon be expanded to 1,000 mandis from the existing 585 mandis across 16 states and two UTs.
Extra Shots:
eNAM: eNAM is an online trading platform for agricultural products in India. It functions under the Ministry of Agriculture, GoI. The Minister responsible for the Agriculture Ministry is Narendra Singh Tomar. The platform aims to facilitate the smooth marketing of their produce.
- Founded on: 14 April 2016
Centre released SOPs for transit of COVID-19 negative foreign nationals
- The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) laid down Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the transit of COVID-19 negative foreigners stranded in India on 2 April.
- Also, the release of quarantined persons after being tested COVID-19 negative will be carried out by the Home Affairs Ministry.
Highlights:
- It has been decided that the Home Ministry will examine every request received from a foreign government for the evacuation of their nationals from India.
- Before their departure, the foreign nationals will be screened for COVID-19 symptoms as per the standard health protocol.
- Under the standard health protocol, only the foreign nationals would be allowed to leave, who are asymptomatic for COVID-19. For symptomatic persons, the future course of treatment would be followed.
- MHA also released SOPs for release of quarantined persons, after the expiry of the quarantine period and tested COVID-19 negative.
- The provisions will not be applied to a group, where even one person tests positive for COVID- 19.
Extra Shots:
Ministry of Home Affairs:
- Formed on: 15 August 1947
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Minister responsible: Amit Shah, Minister of Home Affairs
NCC offers its cadets to fight COVID-19 under ‘Ex NCC Yogdan’
- National Cadet Corps (NCC) has offered its volunteer cadets for national duty to fight COVID-19 under ‘Exercise NCC Yogdan’.
- It has issued guidelines for temporary employment of its cadets to augment relief efforts and functioning of various agencies involved in battling the pandemic.
- Only Senior Division volunteer cadets above 18 years of age will be employed.
- The tasks envisaged for NCC cadets include, manning of helpline/call centres; distribution of relief materials/medicines/food/essential commodities; community assistance; data management and queue & traffic management.
Extra Shots:
NCC: The NCC, which operates under the Ministry of Defence, is the largest uniformed youth organisation of the country and has been engaged in conducting various social service and community development activities.
- Director General: Lt Gen Rajeev Chopra, AVSM
- Motto: एकता और अनुशासन; Unity and discipline
- Founder: Government of the United Kingdom
- Founded: 16 April 1948
- Headquarters location: New Delhi
- Role: Student Uniformed Group
SCTIMST, WIPRO partners to make Automated ventilators to meet COVID-19 related crisis
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) has partnered with Wipro 3D, Bengaluru.
- The partnership aims to jointly build upon a prototype of an emergency ventilator system based on the Artificial Manual Breathing Unit (AMBU) which was developed by SCTIMST followed by its clinical trial and manufacture.
Highlights:
- The ventilators are expected to meet the urgent requirements caused due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It was developed in a week.
AMBU bag:
- AMBU bag or a bag-valve-mask (BVM) is a hand-held device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to a patient who is either not breathing or who is breathing inadequately. The use of a regular AMBU needs a bystander for its operations who is highly susceptible and non-advisable to be in close contact with the COVID-19 patient.
- SCTIMST’s Automated AMBU Ventilator with inputs from clinical faculty will assist the breathing of the critical patients who have no access to ICU ventilators.
- To enabling rapid production, the device is designed with readily available components so that it becomes an alternative solution. AMBU will provide ventilation support to the needy and is an ideal solution for ventilation shortages.
- The device will enable positive pressure ventilation with a controlled rate of expiration, Inspiratory to Expiratory Ratio, Tidal Volume, and so on. Also, to maintain pressure on the lower airways at the end of the breathing cycle, a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) Valve can be added as an extra component which prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration.
- The automatic AMBU will minimize the need for support personnel in the isolation room and enable a safer and effective lung-protective operation to COVID patients.
Extra Shots:
SCTIMST:
- SCTIMST was established in 1976 by the Government of India. The autonomous institute functions under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science & Technology. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. It is one of the premier research Institutes and centers in India.
Action COVID-19 Team launched in India to combat COVID-19 crisis
- Founders of leading startups, investors, advisors, supporters, investment advisory firms have launched Action COVID-19 Team (ACT).
Aim:
- ACT aims to provide guidance and resources to startup founders and employees in the country. It also aims to empower teams through financial grants and mentoring.
Action COVID-19 Team:
- ACT Grants will grant a Rs.100 crore program. It aims to seed over 50 initiatives through grants to combat the economic crisis caused in India due to the COVID-19 outbreak.
- The platform will bring its networks, startup assets, and team money to create a force multiplier to help these initiatives make rapid meaningful progress.
- In order to combine the resources of the startup community, a 25-member team has been formed. The team will enable rapid evaluation and recommendations on potential projects.
- The group will be supported by NGOs and leading industry veterans. It will also collaborate with government agencies to scale up solutions that show promising results.
STATE CURRENT AFFAIRS
Andhra govt starts doorstep delivery of pensions
- The Andhra Pradesh government has started distributing pensions at the doorstep to 58,44,240 beneficiaries.
- They using its 2.5 lakh volunteer eliminating the need for pensioners to step out of their homes.
- The aim is to encourage beneficiaries to stay at home and avoid stepping out.
- The beneficiaries have been receiving different amounts as per the defined categories.
- From old age persons to fishermen and folk artists, the pension will help every section amid the ongoing 21-day lockdown.
- After the completion of the distribution of pensions, the government will give financial relief to the poor and needy delivered at the doorstep on the 4th of April using the same network of volunteers.
Extra Shots:
Andhra Pradesh:
- Capital: Amravati
- Chief Minister: Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy
- Governor: Biswabhusan Harichandan
- Literacy Rate: 67.4%
INTERNATIONAL CURRENT AFFAIRS
World Band lends USD 1bn to India to combat COVID-19 outbreak
- The World Bank’s Board of Executive Directors (ED) has approved $1 billion to India COVID-19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project.
- The project will cover all the States/Union Territories in India.
Aim:
- The aim of the project is to help India prevent, detect, and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses to strengthen India’s public health preparedness.
- This is the largest ever health sector support from the Bank to India.
Highlights:
- The new support offered by the World Bank will cover all states/UTs across India.
- The project will address the needs of the coronavirus infected people, at-risk populations, medical and emergency personnel and service providers, medical and testing facilities, and national and animal health agencies.
- The project will immediately enable the Central Government to scale-up efforts to limit human-to-human transmission of the coronavirus.
- Under the project, new ways to strengthen the health system will be introduced to improve India’s capacity to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and be better prepared to respond to emerging disease outbreaks, including transmission between humans and animals.
- The project also includes the procurement of testing kits, infection prevention, and control, setting up of new isolation wards including turning hospital beds into intensive care unit beds and purchase of personal protective equipment (PPEs), ventilators, and medicines in district hospitals and COVID-19 dedicated hospitals.
Extra Shots:
World Bank:
- Formed on: July 1944
- Headquarters: Washington, D.C., US
- President: David Malpass
- MD and CFO: Anshula Kant
- Chief Economist: Penny Goldberg
APPOINTMENT
NTPC appointed Dilip Kumar Patel as Director of Human resources
- National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Limited appointed Dilip Kumar Patel as its Director Human resources on 1 April.
Dilip Kumar Patel:
- Patel has more than three decades of experience in HR functions. He graduated in Mechanical Engineering from NIT, Rourkela. He gained his Post Graduate Diploma in Business Management (HR & Finance) from MDI, Gurgaon. Initially, he gained experience in Mechanical Maintenance & CHP Operation and Employee Development Centre (EDC) at Korba.
- In 1997, he switched his career to core HR functions.
Extra Shots:
NTPC Limited: NTPC provides services including Electricity generation and distribution natural gas exploration, production, transportation and distribution. The Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) ventures into oil and gas exploration and coal mining activities also. IT is promoted by the Government of India.
- Founded on: 7 November 1975
- Headquarters: New Delhi, India
- Chairman & MD: Gurdeep Singh
AGREEMENT
Domino’s Pizza launches ‘Domino’s Essentials’ service
- Domino’s Pizza has partnered with ITC Foods to launch “Domino’s Essentials”.
Highlights of this Partnership:
- Through “Domino’s Essentials” service, everyday grocery essentials offered by ITC Foods will be delivered while leveraging the delivery infrastructure of Domino’s.
- This partnership aims to serve the community by ensuring uninterrupted supply of essential items at their doorsteps, without them having to step outside of their homes.
- The “Domino’s Essentials” service will be available for consumers via “Domino’s Essentials” section on the Domino’s app.
- Domino’s Pizza will leverage its supply chain and delivery network to deliver essential goods to the customers at their home.
- This service is an effort which aligns with the government’s decision of nationwide lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.
Extra Shots:
ITC: ITC Limited is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. Established in 1910 as the ‘Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited’, the company was renamed as the ‘India Tobacco Company Limited’ in 1970 and later to ‘I.T.C. Limited’ in 1974.
- CEO: Sanjiv Puri
- Headquarters: Kolkata
Domino’s Pizza, Inc., branded as Domino’s, is an American multinational pizza restaurant chain founded in 1960. The corporation is headquartered at the Domino’s Farms Office Park in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and incorporated in Delaware
- CEO: Richard E. Allison Jr.
- Headquarters: Ann Arbor Charter Township, Michigan, United States
- Founders: Tom Monaghan, James Monaghan
RECOGNITION
112-year-old Bob Weighton confirmed as world’s oldest man
- The Guinness World Records has been officially confirmed Bob Weighton, from the United Kingdom, as the oldest person living (male) at 112 Years and 1 day as of 30 March 2020.
- Bob Weighton received the record title after Mr Chitetsu Watanabe of Japan passed away on February 23rd 2020 at 112 years and 355 days.
Extra Shots:
United Kingdom (Capital/Currency): London/ Pound sterling
- Prime minister: Boris Johnson.
SPORTS CURRENT AFFAIRS
China to host the 3rd edition of the Asian Youth Games
- China is to host the third edition of the Asian Youth Games (AYG) in Shantou in November 2021.
- The announcement was made by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) on 1 April 2020.
- The third edition was supposed to be held in 2017. But was postponed to 2021 by OCA.
Extra Shots:
Olympic Council of Asia:
- Formed on: 16 November 1982
- Headquarters: Kuwait City, Kuwait
- President: Ahmed Al-Fahad Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
- Membership: 45 National Olympic Committees
- Official language: English
- OCA is the apex body that governs sports in Asia.
Asian Youth Games:
- AYG is held every 4 years among athletes from across Asia. The games are organized by the OCA. The first edition of the games was held in 2009 in Singapore. The second edition was held in 2013 in Nanjing, China.
China (Capital/Currency): Beijing/Renminbi
- President: Xi Jinping
DEFENCE
MoD received USD 8.82 million FDI during 2000-2019 periods
- Ministry of Defence (MoD) has received foreign direct investment (FDI) of $8.82 million (around Rs.51.93 crore) during the period April 2000 and December 2019.
- The Ministry announced it on 1 April. As per the data provided by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, FDI in the defence sector was aggregated at $2.18 million in 2018-19.
Highlights:
- The data showed that, during the period April 2000-December 2019, the Foreign fund inflows in retail trading stood at $2 billion.
- The top countries from where India attracted maximum FDI during the period are Mauritius, Singapore, Japan, Netherlands, and the US.
- Also, the total merchandise imports from China were $76.3 billion in 2017-18 and it decreased to $70.3 billion in 2018-19. The total imports from China during April 2019- January 2020 were $57.9 billion.
Extra Shots:
Ministry of Defence:
- Formed on: 1776
- Headquarters: New Delhi
- Minister responsible: Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister of Defence
- Deputy Minister responsible: Shripad Yesso Naik, MoS for Defence
- Defence Secretary: Ajay Kumar
Naval Dockyard Visakhapatnam designs multi-feed oxygen manifold
- The Naval Dockyard at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh has designed ‘Portable Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold (MOM)’.
- This oxygen manifold is designed to supply oxygen to multiple patients at a time, which could prove helpful in a contingency created by COVID-19 spread.
- The preliminary trials were conducted at MI Room at NDV, followed by rapid trials at the Naval Hospital INHS Kalyani, where it was successfully installed within 30 minutes.
- The Navy personnel from the Eastern Naval Command (ENC) have developed a ‘Portable Multi-feed Oxygen Manifold (MOM)’ using a six-way radial header fitted to a single cylinder.
- This innovative system would enable one oxygen bottle supply to six patients at the same time, thereby enabling critical care management of a larger number of COVID-19 patients using the existing limited resources.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DRDO develops bio-suit for medical practitioners who treat COVID-19 patients
- Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) developed a bio-suit for the safety of the paramedical, medical, and other personnel engaged in combating COVID-19 safe from the deadly virus.
DRDO’s bio-suit:
- DRDO Scientists have used textile, coating, and nanotechnology to develop the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) having a specific type of fabric with coating.
- The suit was prepared with the help of the industry and subjected to rigorous testing for textile parameters and protection against synthetic blood. The protection against synthetic blood exceeded the criteria defined for body suits by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).
- The DRDO is to ensure that enough number of bio-suits are produced to serve the medics, paramedics and other personnel in the front line combating COVID-19.
- M/s Kusumgarh Industries is producing the raw material, coating material, for the production of the special bio-suit in large quantities. The complete bio-suit is manufactured with the help of another vendor.
- At present, the production capacity is 7,000 suits per day.
Extra Shots:
DRDO: The Defence Research and Development Organisation is an agency of the Government of India, charged with the military’s research and development, headquartered in New Delhi, India.
- Headquarters location: New Delhi
- Founded: 1958
- Motto: बलस्य मूलं विज्ञानम्; “Strength’s Origin is in Science” (Sanskrit)
- Minister responsible: Rajnath Singh, Minister of Defence
- Subsidiary: Gas Turbine Research Establishment
IISc scientists develop indigenous ventilator prototype using local parts
- Indian Institute of Science (IISc) scientists have developed a high-quality indigenous ventilator.
- The idea is to circumvent is to provide assistance to the escalating COVID-19 crisis.
IISc’s ventilator:
- The indigenously developed ventilators make use of sensors and parts sourced from the local automotive and RO water filter industries.
- The prototype makes use of materials that are readily available and in large numbers such as pressure sensors used in cars and solenoid filter valves in Reverse Osmosis (RO) water filters.
- The ventilator uses a pressurized mixture of medical-grade oxygen and compressed air which is mixed using food-grade containers and tubing used in domestic RO water filters.
- A Raspberry Pi computer and a programmable logic controller (PLC) board will control the air pressure, the oxygen composition and flow characteristics.
- The ventilator will be developed by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL).
OBITUARIES
Tony Lewis of ‘DLS method’ fame passes away
- Tony Lewis, one of the men behind the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern (DLS) method passed away.
- Lewis received an MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) for his services to cricket and mathematics in 2010.
About DLS Method:
- The Duckworth–Lewis–Stern method (DLS) is a mathematical formulation designed to calculate the target score for the team batting second in a limited-overs cricket match interrupted by weather or other circumstances.
History of DLS method:
- Tony Lewis was a mathematician who, along with Frank Duckworth, developed the Duckworth-Lewis method in 1997 of resetting targets in the interrupted cricket matches.
- The DLS method was adopted officially by the ICC (International Cricket Council) in 1999.
- The method was renamed as the Duckworth-Lewis-Stern (DLS) method in 2014, followed across the globe.
