English Quiz for IBPS PO Prelims 2015 – Set 7

Directions (Q. 1-10): Read the following passage carefully and answer
the questions given below it:

Wastes are materials that are not
prime products for which the initial user has no further use in terms of
his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which
he/she wants to dispose. Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the
processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the
consumption of final products, and other human activities. Residuals recycled
or reused at the place of generation are excluded. There are various types of
waste material- Agricultural waste , Animal by-products, Household, Human waste
( Sewage sludge), Industrial waste, Inorganic waste , Mineral waste, Nuclear
waste, Organic waste, Packaging waste, Radioactive waste, and Solid wastes.
These wastes can be transformed in other useful products, this process is known
as Waste management. In other words waste management is the collection,
transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials.
The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the
process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the
environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from
resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural
resources. All waste materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or
radioactive fall within the remit of
waste management. Waste management practices can differ for developed and
developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and
industrial producers. Management of non-hazardous waste residential and
institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of
local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and
industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to
local, national or international authorities. Methods of disposal are Landfill,
Incineration, Recycling,
Sustainability, Biological reprocessing, Energy recovery and Resource recovery
methods. Incineration is a disposal method in which solid organic wastes are
subjected to combustion so as to convert them into residue and gaseous products. Recycling is a resource recovery
practice that refers to the collection and reuse of waste materials such as
empty beverage containers. Recoverable materials that are organic in nature,
such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recovered
through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The
management of waste is a key component in a business ability to maintaining
ISO14001 accreditation. Companies
are encouraged to improve their environmental efficiencies each year by
eliminating waste through resource recovery practices, which are
sustainability-related activities. One way to do this is by shifting away from
waste management to resource recovery practices like recycling materials such
as glass, food scraps, paper and cardboard, plastic bottles and metal. Many
companies have done brilliant work in this field over the past few years,
leading the way in the development and manufacture of these types of
technologies. Some companies have recently launched a new MIR (Medium
Infra-red) sorter which sorts paper according to its quality, and has improved
its NIR (Near Infra-red) system to sort wood into category A and category B. Companies
are also working on a research project to the development of new machines and
sorting technologies . So we can expect to see even greater things in future.

1. Which of the
following best define waste management?

1) Is the only collection of waste material.

2) A management of natural resources.

3) A process of transformation of prime products in daily
needs product.

4) A process of reuse of all type of material.

5) None of these

2. In which of the
following product, a Solid organic wastes can be converted?

1) Residue

2) In liquid

3) In food scraps

4) In gaseous products

5) Both 1 and 4

3. Which of the
following is not a method of disposal in the context of the passage?

1) Incineration

2) recycling

3) Biological reprocessing

4) Residuals

5) None of these

4. What is the main
objective of waste management?

1) To develop different practices for the extraction of raw
materials.

2) Focus on recycling materials.

3) To collect, transport, dispose and manage the waste.

4) All of the above.

5) None of these

5. Who is responsible
for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste?

1) Local authorities.

2) National authorities

3) International authorities

4) Both 2 and 3

5) All of the above

Directions (Q. 6-8):
Choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in
bold in the passage.

6. Remit

1) Retain 2) Transfer 3) Refrain 4) Tenure 5) Strain

7. Incineration

1) Cremation 2) Vulnerable 3) Inevitable 4) Noxious 5)
Sludge

8. Residue

1) Surplus 2) Debris 3) Junk 4) Core 5) Base

Direction (9-10):
Choose the word which is most nearly the MOST OPPOSITE in meaning as the word
printed in bold in the passage.

9. Extraction

1) Eradication 2) Inhalation 3) Addition 4) Sluggish 5)
Distillation

10. Accreditation

1) Rushed 2) Necessity 3) Shavings 4) Disapproval 5)
Credentials